MENTALITY

There were a few principales of the enlightenment that were against the church. The major idea of the Enlightenment was that the world and human life should be governed by rational rules. The thinkers of the Enlightenment believed that things could be understood through reason and not through supernatural factors. They did not believe in simply accepting the word of authority, wanting instead to see empirical proof of things before they accepted them.

The first principal was pantheism, this condtradicts the church saying that if god is in nature and reveals through it, why should we have interpreters, such as priests and bishops, and if he finds his essence in nature. The second one is trust in science, this talks about why should we believe in something that is not scientifically proved.

The next one was man is intrinstically good, says that if man is born to be good, there is no natural sin we are born with.

Rational religion is the one that goes after, this tell us about why should we believed in something that is physically impossible such as miracles, mysteries... This principal is similar to trust in science. 

The last principal and the most important one is the religious tolerance, consist of respecting and accepting other religions although you do not agree with it. 

There were three different points of view of the french revolution:

LIBERALISM
Liberalism is a political phylosophy based on ideas of liberty and equality. The french revolution was a period of far-reaching social and political upheaval in France that lasted from 1789 until 1799, and was partially carried forward by Napoleon during the later expansion of the French Empire. Liberalism became a political movement during the Age of Enlightenment. Liberalism rejected the notions, common at the time, of hereditary privilege, state religion, absolute monarchy, and the Divine Right of Kings. The 17th-century philosopher John Locke is often credited with founding liberalism as a distinct philosophical tradition. Locke argued that each man has a natural right to life, liberty and property, while adding that governments must not violate these rights based on the social contract. Liberals opposed traditional conservatism and sought to replace absolutism in government with representative democracy and the rule of law.

Liberalism started to spread rapidly especially after the French Revolution. The 19th century saw liberal governments established in nations across Europe, South America, and North America. In this period, the dominant ideological opponent of classical liberalism was conservatism, but liberalism later survived major ideological challenges from new opponents, such as fascism and communism

CONSERVATISM

Conservatism as a political and social philosophy promotes retaining traditional social institutions in the context of culture and civilization. The first established use of the term in a political context during the period of Bourbon restoration that sought to roll back the policies of the French Revolution. The term, historically associated with right-wing politics, has since been used to describe a wide range of views. There is no single set of policies that are universally regarded as conservative because the meaning of conservatism depends on what is considered traditional in a given place and time. Edmund Burke, an 18th-century politician who opposed the French Revolution but supported the American Revolution, is credited as one of the main theorists of conservatism in Great Britain in the 1790s. According to Quintin Hogg, the chairman of the British Conservative Party in 1959, Conservatism is not so much a philosophy as an attitude, a constant force, performing a timeless function in the development of a free society, and corresponding to a deep and permanent requirement of human nature itself.

NATIONALISM

The origin of French nationalism and French patriotism is viewed to have begun with Joan of Arc who fought for France. French nationalism rose as a movement after the French Revolution in 1789. Napoleon promoted French nationalism based upon the ideals of the French Revolution such as the idea of liberty, equality and fraternity and justified French expansionism and French military campaigns on the claim that France had the right to spread the enlightened ideals of the French Revolution across Europe, and also to expand France into natural borders. Napoleon's invasions of other nations had the effect of spreading the concept of nationalism outside France. French nationalism from the 19th to early 20th century took on an assertive and extreme patriotism that supported military force to achieve its political goals.